Protocol for management of pregnant patients requiring emergency minor oral surgical procedures: a prospective study in 52 patients

Objectives@#Dental or maxillofacial emergencies are uncommon during pregnancy, but if they occur, they are challenging to treat due to potential risks. The mother should not be denied necessary medical or dental care because of pregnancy. The aim of the study is to observe outcomes of pregnancy in patients requiring emergency minor oral surgical procedures during gestation and to determine the safety of the pregnant woman undergoing the procedure and the fetus. @*Materials and Methods@#The study was conducted on 52 pregnant women requiring emergency oral surgical procedures. A standard treatment protocol for treatment of specific entities was followed. Close monitoring and observation were the primary goal of treatment. All patients were followed postoperatively until complete recovery from the surgical procedures and then until birth of the baby. A control group of 52 healthy pregnant patients who did not require oral surgical procedures was considered for statistical analysis. The measurements to calculate observation were fetal loss (spontaneous abortion), preterm birth, low-birth weight, or incidence of any congenital anomalies in the baby and its association with surgical procedures. @*Results@#No fetal loss occurred in any of the cases. However, four patients experienced preterm birth and seven neonates exhibited low birth weights.No congenital abnormalities were discovered. In one instance, a patient who underwent surgery for a mandibular symphysis fracture under general anesthesia in the 31st week of pregnancy experienced labor pain on the fourth postoperative day, requiring an emergency Caesarean section. @*Conclusion@#The results of our study demonstrate that, compared to the control group, minor emergency surgeries performed during pregnancy have no discernible negative effects on the fetus. These procedures can safely be performed by adhering to our described protocols.

Assessment of efficacy of different home prophylactic plaque control methods in orthodontic patients

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of different home prophylactic plaque control methods in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro and private orthodontic clinics in Hyderabad

The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were asked to chew the plaque disclosing tablet [EviplacPastilhas], swish it for 30 seconds, then asked to spit out and asked to wash once with drinking water, plaque score was calculated by using Turesky Modification of Quigley Hein plaque index. Selected patients were given a self-administered questionnaire regarding mechanical means of plaque control

RESULTS: In this study 42% were male and 58% females. The mean age was 19.1 + 2.47 years

The mean plaque score was 4.29+ 1.58 in this study. 62.9% patients were using regular tooth brush and 34.3% were using orthodontic tooth brush. 18.8%, 6.9%, and 3.7% patients were using inter-dental brush, tooth picks and dental floss respectively

The analysis of variance [ANOVA] test revealed no significant differences in different type of brush

CONCLUSION: It is concluded that majority of orthodontic patients were cleaning their teeth either with orthodontic brush or regular tooth brush and very few patients were using interdental aids to control plaque. Both regular and orthodontic brushes were effective in controlling plaque with is statistically insignificant difference

Ocular manisfestations in xeroderma pigmentosum; a series of 20 patients

To assess the various ocular manifestations in xeroderma pigmentosum seen at Eye and Dermatology Department of Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. Prospective study. This study was carried out at two Departments, i.e. at Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology of Chandka Medical College larkana from January 2013 to December 2014. Twenty cases were enrolled from outpatient of Eye and Skin Department, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. Patients were subjected to detail history, complete eye and skin examination and relevant investigations. 20 patients, 12 [60%] males and 8 [40%] females with xeroderma pigmentosum in a gender ratio of 1.5: 1 were recruited. All patients had skin freckles and increased sensitivity to sun light. Photophobia and conjunctivitis was seen in 18 [90%] cases, keratitis and dry eyes was seen in 12 [60%] cases and 4 [20%] cases had malignancies of lids and conjunctiva proved on biopsy. Our cases belongs to larkana and sukkur division. The present study highlights the eye involvement in xeroderma pigmentosum and thereby early detection of eye disease prevent the malignancies and blindness

analysis of clinoepidemiological variables of psoriasis in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin. Different factors might be influencing its course. The aim of our study was to observe and analyze different clinoepidemiological variables of psoriasis in patients reporting to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Prospective study This study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan from January 2014 to December 2014. 200 patients [116 Males and 84 females] ages 18 and above with mild to severe psoriasis were selected and assessed on one occasion which included detailed history and examination. All data was documented on completion of study. A total 200 cases were studied. 90% had chronic plaque psoriasis. There was male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1.38:1. Mean peak age of onset was 11-20 years of age and was earlier in females than males. More than two-third of patients had onset of psoriasis before or at 40 years of age. Familial occurrence was present in 38% of patients and 35% had first degree relative involvement. Psoriatic arthropathy was present in 35% of patients. 86.36% of the patients with arthropathy had onset of psoriasis before 40 years of age. 21% of patients reported worsening of their psoriasis with sun. 32% of the patients in this study were smokers and most of them were males. The findings of this study done in Karachi, Pakistan correlates with previous hospital-based studies done in different parts of the world

correlation and prognostic significance of ESR and CRP values with the severity of psoriasis with/without psoriatic arthropathy

The aim of our study was to determine the levels of ESR and CRP in psoriasis with/without psoriatic arthritis and to find whether there is any correlation of their values with its severity and presence or absence of psoriatic arthropathy. Prospective study. This study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from January 2014 to August 2014. 60 patients, 35 males and 25 females were enrolled. After detailed history and severity assessment by PASI, blood was sent for ESR and CRP levels. All data was documented and analyzed. There were 60 patients [35 males and 25 females] with age ranging from 20-65 years and had a history of psoriasis from 1-38 years. 89% had chronic plaque psoriasis and 30% had psoriatic arthropathy. PASI score ranged from 4-26 [Mean 7.92 -/+ 6.38]. The means of ESR and CRP were 16.44 +/- 12.66 mm/hr and 3.84 +/- 3.63 mg/L respectively. Neither ESR nor CRP levels directly correlated with PASI or with psoriatic arthropathy. ESR and CRP doesn't seem to have prognostic significance in mild to moderate psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy. However there might be any role of ESR or CRP in patients with severe psoriatic arthropathy

Leprosy in Sukkur region: a series of 143 cases from 2001-2011 at leprosy centre Sukkur, Sindh

To document the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Sukkur Region, Sindh. A total of 143 new leprosy cases referred and registered in leprosy centre, Sukkur from 2001-2011 were studied. Diagnosis was based on clinical grounds, and supported by acid-fast bacilli on slit-skin smear. Out of 143 new cases 73 [51%] were males and 70 [49%] females. The peak age of disease onset was second decade. The most common form of the disease was borderline tuberculoid [BT] seen in 76 [53%] cases. Ulnar nerve was the most frequently affected nerve seen in 30 [21%] cases. Although in urban cities the cases of leprosy are in decline but still it exists in rural areas of Sindh. It is important for the practitioners to be aware of its diagnosis and management to prevent the deformities

Oral Hygiene Habits Among 6-12 Year Religious School Students

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices for oral hygiene habits among 6-12 years religious school students Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Stud: This study was carried out at the Department of Community Dentistry, LUMHS, l Jamshoro from 15 July to 10 August 2014. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional research was conducted among the religious students of Madarsa Jamia Ghousia Taheria Matiari [Rural Area] and Mumtaz ul Madaris Hirabad Hyderabad [Urban Area]. Madrasas were selected on convenient bases. Religious students between age group 6-12 year male only were included in the study. All the students were asked the questions from self-administered questionnaire and were ticked the answers. Data were analyzed in statistical package for social sciences [SPSS] version 16. Results: Majority of religious students from rural and urban areas were cleaning their teeth once a day. 36% from rural and 28% from urban areas reported for miswak [chewing stick] followed by tooth brush and tooth powder, no one was using dental floss. 59% reported for occasionally usage of miswak at the time of ablution [wadoo]. Only 10% religious students were rinsing their mouth after meal. 65% religious students were complaining of bad smell. Conclusion: it is concluded that oral health knowledge, attitude and practices [KAP] among study participants were poor and needs to be improved

experience of disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC] at periphery of Karachi

The purpose of this study is to describe the common causes and clinical presentations of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation at periphery of Karachi. It was a descriptive study conducted by the department of Medicine at Jinnah Medical and Dental College Hospital, Korangi, from January 08 to December 08. Jinnah Medical and Dental College Hospital, provides health care facilities to the rural areas of Karachi including Sharafi, Chashma, Rehri Goths etc. We studied mode of presentation, laboratory investigation, treatment options and mortality. All the findings were recorded on a pre-designed Proforma. Sixty patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [DIC] were studied as protocol. Out of sixty cases 36 [60%] were male and 24 [40%] were female. Patients were 13-65 years of age mean 37.33%. Out of sixty patients 50 [83.3%] presented with bleeding and hemorrhage from various sites and only 10 [16.6%] presented with signs of hypercoagubility. Bacterial infection was found to be most common underline illness. The mortality rate was 43.3% in this study the mortality rate was higher in patients in which underlying illness was not easily curable. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [DIC] has various modes of presentation with very high mortality all over the world. In our study the majority of patients presented with bleeding from various sites, and the main causative agent was infective illness, so it is advisable if patient presented with bleeding and has history of infective illness than Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation [DIC] should be included in differential diagnosis

Skin lesions in hospitalized cases of dengue fever

To determine the frequency and types of skin lesions in cases of dengue fever in patients admitted in three hospitals of Karachi. Case series. Three tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, from November 2006 to February 2007. One hundred patients of dengue fever with positive anti-dengue Immunoglobulin M [IgM] serology were included in the study. The admitted patients in PNS Shifa Hospital, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC] and Civil Hospital, Karachi were selected for the study. Presenting features were noted. The patients were physically examined for the presence of skin and mucosal lesions and findings were recorded. Total and Differential Leukocyte Count [TLC and DLC], platelet count and Liver Function Tests [LFTs] were done in all the patients. All the patients had low leukocyte and low platelet counts. The common presenting symptoms were high-grade fever with or without rigors, headache, body aches, backache, vomiting, sore throat with cough and generalized weakness [seen in 86% patients]. The uncommon presenting features were diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding from gums and nosebleeds [seen in 14% patients]. Sixty-eight [68%] patients had skin lesions. The most common skin presentation was generalized macular blanchable erythema involving trunk and limbs, seen in 44 [65%] cases. Discrete petechial lesions were seen on various body areas in 24 [35%] cases. Palmer erythema was seen in 20 [30%] patients. Generalized itching was seen in 16 [23%] cases. Isolated itching of palms and soles was seen in 20 [30%] cases. Twenty-eight [28%] patients had deranged LFTs. Out of those, 4 patients had raised serum bilirubin level whereas rest of the 24 had raised ALT Dengue fever commonly presents with specific skin lesions. The skin lesions can be a clue to the diagnosis in difficult cases